- Artesian Well is
(1)Artificial well
(2) Natural well in fault planes
(3) Water underneath the surface having sufficient hydraulic pressure
(4) Water underneath the surface having very low hydraulic pressure
2. Mean marks of 200 students in statistics are 47. The mean marks of top 25% students are 72 and that of bottom 25% students are 25. Which of the following are the mean marks of the remaining students?
(1) 48.5
(2) 47.5
(3) 45.5
(4) 44.5
3. Match List-I and List-II containing microorganisms and processes associated with them:
List I List II
(Microorganisms) (Processes)
(a) Bacillus (i) Denitrification
(b) Agrobacterium (ii) Ammonification
(c) Rhizobium (iii) Sulphur into Sulphate
(d) Thiobscillos (iv) N.fixation
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
(1) (a)-(i), (b) (iii), (c)-(iv). (d)-(ii)
(2) (a)-(ii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(i), (d) –(iii)
(3) (a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)- (ii), (d)- (i)
(4) (a)-(ii), (b)-(i), (c)-(iv), (d) –(iii)
4. Which one among the following is true in the context of enthalpy (H), internal energy (U), pressure (P) and volume (V) of a thermodynamic system?
(1) H = U- PV
(3) H= P + UV
(2) H=U+PV
(4) H = P – UV
5. Consider the following changes with regard to dissolution of ammonia in water:
- increase in temperature
- decrease in pH of the solution
- increase in partial pressure of ammonia
The solubility of ammonia would increase by which of the above changes?
(1) (a) and (b) only
(2) (a). (b) and (c)
(3) (b) and (c) only
(4) (a) only
6. Which one of the following is NOT a constituent of photochemical smog?
(1) Peroxy Benzoyl Nitrate
(2) Ozone
(3) Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
(4) Peroxy Acetyl Nitrate
7. Which of the following particulate control devices has the poorest removal efficiency for particles in the sub-micron size range?
(1) Electrostatic Precipitator
(2) Fabric Filter
(3) Cyclone
(4) Venturi Srubber
8: As per the Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) Notification (1991) CRZ-I includes which of the following?
(a) Ecosensitive Zones
(b) Fishing Zones
(c) Intertidal Zones
(d) Development Zones
Choose the correct answer from the options given below
(1) (a) and (b) only
(3) (c) and (d) only
(2) (b) and (c) only
(4) (a) and (c) only
9. Assuming the incoming solar radiation to be 100 units, consider the following statements about the radiation budget of earth:
- About 51 units of solar radiation are absorbed by earth’s surface.
- About 20 unite of long-wave radiation emitted from earth’s surface are lost to space directly without being absorbed by the atmosphere.
- About 19 units of solar radiation are absorbed by the atmosphere.
Which of the above statements are correct?
(1) (a) and (b) only
(2) (b) and (c) only
(3) (a) and (c) only
(4) (a), (b) and (c) only
10. How many years will it take for the population of a country to double, if it grows at the rate of 4 percent per year?
(1) ~17.8 years
(2) ~13.8 years
(3) ~16 years
(4) ~26 years
11. Phytoremediation is an important tool for
(1) Improving the health of diseased plants
(2) Removing dissolved oxygen from the aquatic ecosystem
(3) Eradicating the invasive species
(4) Removing toxic chemicals from the polluted ecosystem
12. Which of the following surfaces exhibits maximum variation in albedo with respect to the angle of incidence of solar radiations?
(1) Water
(2) Bare Soil
(3) Sand
(4) Vegetation
13. Which of the following is/are the characteristic(s) of direct band gap semi-conductor Ga-As?
(a) less sharp absorption band
(b) large values of extinction coefficient
Choose the correct answer from options given below:
(1) (a) only (3) (a) and (b)
(2) (b) only
(3) (a) and (b)
(4) Neither (a) nor (b)
14. Solar insulation on a rectangular module (1.5 m x 2.0 m) of photovoltaic cells is 550 W/m2. If the efficiency of the cells is 12%, what is the power output of the module?
(1) 396 W
(2) 240 W
(3) 99 W
(4) 198 W
15. Which one among the following is NOT a form of precipitation?
(1) Snow
(3) Hail
(2) Sleet
(4) Fog
16. Which of the following statements is incorrect?
(1) Thermosphere and stratosphere are characterized by an increase in temperature with altitude.
(2) Troposphere and mesosphere are characterized by a decrease in temperature with altitude in general.
(3) Lowest temperature is found at tropopause.
(4) Lapse rates determine the vertical stability of the atmosphere.
17. Match the following iron oxides with their chemical formulae:
Iron Oxides Chemical Formulae
(a) Haematite (i) FeO.TiO2
(b) Magnetite (ii) Fe3O4
(c) Ilmenite (iii) FeO.H2O
(d) Limonite (iv) Fe208
Choose the correct option from those given below :
(1) (a)-(iv), (b)-(ii), (c)–( iii), (d)-(i)
(2) (a)-(ii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(i), (d)-(iii)
(3) (a)–(ii), (b)-(iv), (c)- (iii) (d)- (i)
(4) (a)-(iv). (b)-(ii). (c)-(i) (d) – (iii)
18. Gender is an example of which of the following types of variables?
(1) Nominal
(2) Ordinal
(3) Interval
(4) Ratio
19. Restoration of Doon Valley is an example of best practices of restoration of degraded ecosystem caused by
(1) over explotation by the high influx of tourists
(2) Construction and widening of roads
(3) Limestone quarrying
(4) Massive civil works of building constructions
20. Which one among the following is NOT a type of tidal power plant?
(1) Single basin double-effect plant
(2) Single basin with linked operation
(3) Double basin with linked-basin operation
(4) Double basin with paired-basin operation
21. Which one among the following is the correct order of steps taken during the process of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)?
(1) Sooping. Screening. Public Hearing. EIA. Issue of Environmental Clearance (2) Screening. Public Hearing. Scoping, EIA. Issue of Environmental Clearance
(3) Screening, Scoping, EIA., Public Hearing, Issue of Environmental Clearance (4) Screening. EIA. Sooping. Public Hearing. Issue of Environmental Clearance
22. which among the following are considered as ecosystem services provided by forest ecosystems?
(a) Resins and gums
(b) Pollination by insects
(c) Climate regulation
(d) Timber
Choose the correct option:
(1) (a) and (b) only
(2) (b) and (c) only
(3) (b) and (d) only
(4) (c) and (d) only
23. The Article 48A of the Indian Constitution (Directive Principles of State Policy for Environmental Protection) was inducted in 1976 after the
(1) 42th amendment
(3) 28a amendment
(2) 40th amendment
(4) 14th amendment
24. Which of the following statements is NOT correct with regard to chemical analysis by flame photometer?
(1) The intensity of the colour tells us the amount of the element present.
(2) The wavelength of the colour identifies the element present.
(3) The ions absorb the energy from the flame and get excited.
(4) When ion returns from excited state to ground state. it absorbs the radiation of a characteristic frequency.
25. The ethical view, which argues that any resource of nature is meant for human use/consumption ie termed as:
(1) Stewardship
(2) Utilitarian
(3) Egocentric
(4) Biocentric
26. Which among the following is the correct order of stratification in lentic ecosystems from top to bottom?
(1) Littoral zone. Limnetic zone. Profundal zone. Benthic zone
(2) Limnetic zone. littoral zone. Benthic zone, Profundal zone
(3) Limnetic zone. Benthic zone. Profluidal zone. Littoral zone
(4) Littoral zone. Limnetic zone. Benthic zone. Profundal zone
27. Polar Stratospheric Clouds facilitate which of the following reactions in the development of ozone hole?
(1) Cl +hv → 2C1
(2) CINO3 + HC1 → C12 +HNO3
(3) CIO +NO2 + M → CINO3 + M
(4) CI + O3 → ClO+ O2
28. Given below are two statements – one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A): In soil, Chromium (Ill) predominates Chromium (VI).
Reason (R): Chromium (VI) is easily reduced to Chromium (III) by organic matter in soil.
In the light of above two statements, choose the correct option:
(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(3) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(4) (A) is false but (R) is true.
29. The ability of an ecosystem to recover when the system has been disturbed by any perturbation is known as
(1) Resistance
(2) Homeostasis
(3) Climax
(4) Resilience
30. Given below are two statements – one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A) : There is a general pattern of increase in biodiversity from equator to poles.
Reasons (R) : Due to high level of energy received in tropics. higher is the net primary production. which in turn supports large number of individuals. leading to high biodiversity.
In the light of above two statements. choose the correct option:
(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(3) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(4) (A) is false but (R) is true.
31. Consider the following statements about the Lotka-Volterra Model:
(a) Both the populations of prey and predator oscillate sinusoidically.
(b) There is a phase difference of p/2 between the prey and predator populations. (c) Populations of prey and predator are directly proportional, to each other
(d) Population of prey and predator are inversely proportional to each other
Which of the above statements are correct?
(1) (a) and (b) only
(2) (a) and (c) only
(3) (a) and (d) only
(4) (b) and (d) only
32. Which group of microorganisms dominate in glacial ecosystems?
(1) Psychrophiles
(2) Thermophiles
(3) Mesophiles
(4) Acidophiles
34. Consider the following statements regarding CM-Square test:
(a) If X is a random variable following normal distribution with mean m and standard deviation s, then (
is a Chi-Square variate with 1 degree of freedom
(b) It is an appropriate test for testing the goodness of fit of a model/theory to experimental data
(c) It involves computing the squares of the deviations of observed frequencies from the expected frequencies.
Which of the above statements are correct?
(1) (a) and (b) only
(2) (b) and (c) only
(3) (a) and (c) only
(4) (a), (b) and (c)
35. If x and y are two variables that are not independent, then which of the following represents the variance Var(ax+by) of their linear combination, where ‘a’ and ‘b’ are constants?
(1) a2 Var(x) + b2 Var(y)
(2) a2 Var(x) – b2 Var(y)
(3) a2 Var(x) + b2 Var(y) + 2ab Cov(x,y)
(4) a2 Var(x) + b2 Var(y) – 2ab Cov(x,y)
36. Strike -slip faults are examples of plate movement which is
(1) Perpendicular to the strike of the fault plane
(2) parallel to the strike of the fault plane
(3) At 45° to the strike of the fault plane
(4) Not in the faultzone
37. In an objective type examination, there are 100 questions. One mark is awarded for each correct answer and 0.126 marks are deducted for each incorrect answer. The number of marks scored by the students in this examination is an example of which of the following types of variables?
(1) Discrete
(3) Nominal
(2) Continuous
(4) Ordinal
38. Beaufort Scale is used to classify which of the following meteorological parameters?
(1) Pressure
(2) Precipitation
(3) Wind Direction
(4) Wind Velocity
39. Which is the most significant fingerprint of climate change with respect to biotic invasion?
(1) Protozoa
(3) Bryophytes
(2) Mosquitoes
(4) Gymnosperms
40. Consider the following wavelengths :
(a) 0.04 mm
(b) 1.14 mm
(c) 1.40 mm
(d) 1.88 mm
Water vapors absorb strongly at which of the above wavelengths?
(1) (a), (b) and (c) only
(2) (b). (c) and (d) only
(3) (a). (c) and (d) only
(4) (a). (b). (c) and (d)
41. Identify the INCORRECT statement about organophosphate pesticides from the following statements:
(1) They are generally non-persistent.
(2) They do not accumulate in the food chain.
(3) They are toxic to humans.
(4) They decompose and metabolize slowly.
42. What is the theoretical maximum fraction of power in the wind that can be extracted by a horizonal axis wind turbine?
(1) ~27 %
(2) ~69 %
(3) ~16 %
(4) ~75 %
43. Given below are two statements – one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A) : Himalyan states of India have greater hydropower potential.
Reasons (R) : Hills provide an altitudinal gradient for the construction of dams.
In the light of above two statements. choose the correct option:
(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (1) is the correct explanation of (A).
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(3) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(4) (A) is false but (R) is true.
44. Above the earth’s surface, 90% of the total atmospheric mass is confined within first:
(1) 6 km
(2) 10 km
(3) 20 km
(4) 30 km
45. Which of the following measures of skewness is based on the distance of upper and lower quartiles from the median value in a dataset?
(1) Karl Pearson’s Coefficient of Skewness
(2) Kelly’s Measure of Skewness
(3) Bowley’s Coefficient of Skewness
(4) Coefficient of Skewness based on moments
46. Match List-I and List-II containing Acts and their year of enactment:
List I List II
Act Year of Enactment
(a) The Environment Protection Act (i) 1980
(b) The Forest Conservation Act (ii) 1981
(c) Water (Prevention & Control) Act (iii) 1986
(d) Air (Prevention & Control) Act (iv) 1974
Choose the correct option from those given below:
(1) (a)-(i), (b) – (iii) (c)-(iv), (d)-(ii)
(2) (a)-(iii), (b)-(i), (c)-(iv), (d)-(ii)
(3) (a)-(ii), (b)-(iv), (c)- (iii) (d)-(i)
(4) (a) –(iv) (b)- (ii) (c) –(iii) (d)- (i)
47. What is the total power per unit area available in a wind stream blowing at a speed of 5 m/s ? (Given density of air = 1.226 J/kg.K/m3)
(1) 76.6 W/m2
(2) 15.3 W/m2
(3) 163.3 W/m2
(4) 30.6 W/m2
48. Which among the following is the correct sequence of the elements in earth’s crust in decreasing order?
(1) Oxygen > Aluminium > Silicon > Iron
(2) Oxygen > Silicon > Iron > Aluminium
(3) Oxygen > Aluminium > Iron > Silicon
(4) Oxygen > Silicon > Aluminium > Iron
49. Consider the following gases :
(a) CO
(b) CH4
(c) HCFCs
(d) CO2
(e) SO3
Those gases removed from the atmosphere by the process of oxidation are:
(1) (a), (b), (c) and (d) only
(2) (a), (b) and (c) only
(3) (a), (d) and (e) only
(4) (a), (b). (c), (d) and (e)
50. Given below are two statements – one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A): Between organophosphorus pesticides malathion and parathion, the former is more toxic than latter.
Reasons (11): Malathion is hydrolyzed by enzymes possessed by mammals to produce relatively non-toxic products.
In the light of above two statements. choose the correct option:
(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(2) Both (A) and (11) are true but (II) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(3) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(4) (A) is false but (R) is true.
51. Which of the following greenhouse gases has contributed the most to the global warming?
(1) Methane
(2) Carbonclioxide
(3) Nitrous Oxide
(4) Ozone
52. Given below are two statements- one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A): Isostacy is the corresponding state of balance between extensive blocks of earth’s crust which rise to different levels and appear at the surface as mountains. Plateaus, plains or ocean floor.
Reasons (R): There is a certain minimum depth below sea level where the pressure due to the weight of overlying material in each unit column is everywhere the same.
In the light of above two statements. choose the correct option:
(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(3) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(4) (A) is false but (R) is true.
53. Given below are two statements – one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A):
Aluminium Chloride is a good coagulant for treatment of raw water.
Reasons (R): Both the colloidal particles and Aluminium ions are positively charged.
In the light of above two statements. choose the correct option:
(1) Both (A) and (It) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(3) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(4) (A) is false but (R) is true.
54. Consider the following statements regarding Poisson Distribution:
(a) It is a continuous probability distribution.
(b) It is applicable when ‘n’ the number of trials is indefinitely large and ‘p’ the probability of success is indefinitely small.
(c) Its mean is equal to its variance
Which of the above statements are correct?
(1) (a) and (b) only
(2) (b) and (c) only
(3) (a) and (c) only
(4) (a), (b) and (c) only
55. Section 3B of the Forest (Conservation) Act. 1980 deals with the
(1) penalty for contravention of the provisions
(2) cases in which offences are made by authorities
(3) restriction on the state government for conversion of forests for non-forestry purposes
(4) provision for using the natural resources from the forest by the community
56. Identify the correct sequence of the components of Producer Gas from biogasification of coal in decreasing order of their concentrations:
(1) CH4 > H2 > CO > N2
(2) H2 > CO > CH4 > N2
(3) N2 > CO > H2 > CH4
(4) N2 > CH4 > CO > H2
57. Match the celebration of days related to environment with their corresponding dates:
List I List II
Days Dates
(a) Earth Day (i) 2nd February
(b) International Ozone Day (ii) 16th September
(c) International Biodiversity Day (iii) 22nd April
(d) Wetland Day (iv) 22nd May
Choose the correct option from those given below:
(1) (a)-(ii), (c)-(i), (d)-(iv)
(2) (a)-(iv),(b)-(ii) (c) (d)-(i)
(3) (a)-(iii), (b)- (ii) (c)-(i). (d)-(iv)
(4) (a)-(iii), (b)- (ii) (c)-(iv), (d)-(i)
58. Influx of high nutrient load of nitrates and phosphates into an aquatic ecosystem contributes towards
(1) oligotrophication
(2) Poor primary production
(3) Extreme oligotrophication
(4) eutrophication
59. Sound emitted from a line source attenuates at which of the following rates as a result of geometrical spreading?
(1) ~3 dB per doubling of distance from source
(2) ~ 4 dB per doubling of distance from source
(3) ~ 5 dB per doubling of distance from source
(4) ~ 6 dB per doubling of distance from source
60. Match the following parameters characterizing humidity of the atmosphere with their definitions:
Humidity Parameters Definitions
(a) Relative Humidity (i) Weight of water vapour per unit volume of air at a given temperature
(b) Absolute Humidity (ii) Weight of water vapour per unit weight of total air at a given temperature
(c) Specific Humidity (iii) Ratio of vapour pressure to the saturation vapour pressure in percentage at a given temperature
(d) Mixing Ratio (iv) Weight of water vapour per unit weight of dry air at a given temperature
Choose the correct option from those given below :
(1) (a)-(i), (b)-(iii), (c)- (ii) (d)-(iv)
(2) (a)-(iii),(b)-(ii) (c)-(i) (d)-(iv)
(3) (a)-(iii). (b)-(i), (c)- (iii) (d)-(ii)
(4) (a)-(iii). (b)-(i), (c)-(ii), (d)-(iv)
61. Which one of the following is the important hotspot of biodiversity in India?
(1) Ganga Basin
(2) Vindhyachal
(3) Western Ghats
(4) Aravali Hills
62. Consider the following statements:
Statement I— Objects at higher temperatures emit higher amount of electromagnetic radiations.
Statement II— Objects with higher temperatures reach their maximum emissive intensity at longer wavelengths.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(1) I and II both
(2) I only
(3) II only
(4) Neither I nor II
63. Consider the following statements:
(a) Chromium (III) chemical species is more toxic than Chromium (VI)
(b) Dimethylmercury chemical species is more toxic than methylmercury ion
(C) Arsenic (III) is more toxic than Arsenic (V)
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(1) (b) only
(2) (a), (b) and (c)
(3) (c) only
(4) (a) and (c) only
64. In ecological sampling. Importance Value Index refers to sum of which of the following?
(a) Relative density
(b) Relative frequency
(c) Relative abundance
(d) Relative dominance
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
(1) (a) (b) and (c)
(2) (a) (c) and (d)
(3) (b) (c) and (d)
(4) (a) (b) and (d)
65. Match the following commonly used separation equipments with their separates:
Equipment Separate
(a) Electromagnetic Separator (i) Heavy and light fraction
(b) Trommel Screen (ii) Non-ferrous metals
(c) Air Classifier (iii) Ferrous Metals
(d) Eddy Current Separator (iv) Particulates
Choose the correct option from those given below:
(1) (a)-(i), (b)- (ii), (c)-(iv), (d) (iii)
(2) (a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(i), (d)-(ii)
(3) (a)-(ii). (b)-(iv), (c)-(iii),(d)-(i)
(4) (a) –(iii), (b)-(i). (c)-(iv), (d)-(ii)
66. Given below are two statements – one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A) : The increase in sea water acidity makes building and maintaining shells and other calcium carbonate structures difficult for calcifying organisms such as oyster and water corals.
Reasons (R): Increase in sea water acidity causes a decrease in bicarbonate ion concentration.
In the light of above two statements, choose the correct option:
(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(3) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(4) (A) is false but (R) is true.
67. Consider the following statements regarding sampling:
(a) The sample mean is an unbiased estimate of the population mean.
(b) For small samples the sample variance is an unbiased estimate of the population variance.
(c) If we reject the null hypothesis when it is actually true, we commit the typed error in testing the hypothesis.
Which of the above statements are correct?
(1) (a) and (b) only
(2) (a) and (c) only
(3) (b) and (c) only
(4) (a) (b) and (c) only
68. In the contest of gaseous pollutants control using packed towers, consider the following statements:
(a) The now of the effluent gas through a packed tower is countercurrent
(b) The packing material should have a small surface to volume ratio
(c) The packing material is used to increase the contact time between the gaseous pollutant and liquid
Which of the above statements are correct?
(1) (a) and (b) only
(2) (b) and (c) only
(3) (a) and (c) only
(4) (a) (b) and (c) only
69. La Nina is a Spanish word meaning
(1) The little boy
(2) The little girl
(3) The son of the ocean
(4) The daughter of the ocean
70. In comparison to its adjoining ecosytems, the biodiversity in the ecotone is
(1) Lower
(2) Higher
(3) Same
(4) Extremely low
71. In case of which of the following fossil fuels, the difference between the Gross Calorific Value and Net Calorific Value is maximum?
(1) Natural Gas
(2) Petrol
(3) Diesel
(4) Coal
72. Consider the following statements regarding water treatment
(a) Alum is added to water as a coagulating agent.
(b) Residual chlorine is considered as a major disadvantage of using chlorination for disinfection of water.
(c) Addition of ammonia to water treated with chlorine leads to the formation of chloramines.
Which of the above statements are correct? (1) (a) and (b) only (2) (b) and (c) only (3) (a) and (c) only (4) (a). (b) and (c) only
73. Which is the first company in India whose project was approved under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of Kyoto Protocol?
(1) Gujrat Fluorochemicals Ltd.
(2) Jindal Steel and Power Ltd.
(3) RSPL Ltd.
(4) Inter-Ocean Shipping Private Ltd.
74. Given below are two statements – one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A): Most of the world’s geothermal sites are located in the circum-pacific belt known as ‘Rim of Fire’.
Reasons (R); Geothermal fields require combination of three geological conditions-a natural underground source of water: an impermeable rock that traps water and allows formation of steam: and a large mass of hot rock in the vicinity of water system.
In the light of above two statements, choose the correct option:
(1) Both (A) and (It) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(3) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(4) (A) is false but (R) is true.
75. According to Biomedical Waste Management Rules 2016 of the Government of India. which colored non-chlorinated plastic bags should be used for the collection of human anatomical waste?
(1) Yellow
(3) White
(2) Red
(4) Blue
76. Who was the woman activist. who initiated the Chipko movement in Rani village of Chamoli district in 1973?
(1) Smt. Vimala Bahuguna
(2) Sint. Gaura Devi
(3) Smt. Da Bhatt
(4) Smt. Amrita Devi
77. Suppose a remote sensor records brightness levels in terms of digital numbers (DN) ranging from 0 to 255. The histogram of a scene recorded by the remote sensor shows the brightness values ranging from 60 to 158. A researcher wants to apply Linear Contrast Stretch to all the pixels in the scene. If DN’ represents the transformed brightness level of a pixel and DN represents its recorded brightness level. Which of the following expressions would be the most appropriate?
78. Two streams A and B are flowing with flow rates of 20 task and 5 m3is respectively. The concentration of a pollutant X in the two streams are 15 me (stream A) and 50 ing/1 (stream B). The two streams join each other. Assume that complete mixing of the streams occurs after joining and the pollutant is a conservative substance. The downstream concentration of the pollutant after the joining of two streams would be :
(1) 30 mg/l
(2) 27 mg/1
(3) 25 mg/l
(4) 22 mg/l
79. Which among the following radioactive species have a half life of more than 10 years?
(a) 36Kr91
(b) 38Sr90
(c) 55Cs137
(d) 40Zn91
Choose the correct option from those given below :
(1) (a) and (c) only
(2) (b) and (c) only
(3) (a) and (d) only
(4) (c) and (d) only
80. Which of the following chemical organic species is/are insoluble in acid or alkali?
(1) Fulvic acid
(2) Humic acid
(3) Humin
(4) Both humic acid and humin
81. Consider the following characteristics of plant species:
(a) small size
(b) long life span
(c) low rate of growth
(d) production of large number of easily dispersed seeds
Which of the above characterize the early successional (pioneer) plant communities?
(1) (a) and (b) only
(2) (a) and (c) only
(3) (b) and (c) only
(4) (a) and (d) only
82. The bioremediation technology which involves the addition of microbial culture is known as
(1) Enhanced Bioremediation
(2) Bioaugmentation
(3) Bioventing
(4) Intrinsic Bioremediation
83. 50 mm of rainfall was recorded during 30 min of rain in an area of 2.5 ha. The total volume of water that fell on that area during the rain would be
(1) 625 m3
(2) 1250 m3
(3) 18.750 m3
(4) 37.500 m3
84. When a stable layer exists below the stack height and an unstable layer above. which of the following types of plume behaviour is expected to be observed?
(1) Looping
(2) Coning
(3) Fumigating
(4) Lofting
85. In fast breeder nuclear reactor power plants, the ratio of fissile material produced to fissile material consumed is
(1) Zero
(2) 1
(3) less than 1
(4) greater than 1
86. Identify the correct sequence of processes involved in chemical weathering of rocks:
(1) Hydrolysis. Solution, Hydration, Oxidation. Carbonation
(2) Solution. Hydrolysis. Hydration. Carbonation, Oxidation
(3) Hydrolysis, Oxidation. Carbonation, Hydration, Solution
(4) Hydrolysis. Hydration. Carbonation. Oxidation. Solution,
87. The night-time tropospheric chemistry is dominated by which of the following chemical species?
(1) Hydroxyl radicals
(2) Nitrate radicals
(3) Nitrate ions
(4) Ozone molecules
88. The landscape used by wild animals for their movement between forest patches, is called:
(1) Wildlife Corridor
(2) Forest Edge
(3) Public Corridor
(4) Resource Corridor
89. Match the following discontinuities with the boundaries they are found at.
Discontinuities Boundaries Between
(a) Mohorovicic discontinuity (i) Lower mantle and outer core
(b) Conrad discontinuity (ii) Hydrosphere and crust
(c) Lehman discontinuity (iii) Lower crust and upper mantle
(d) Gutenberg discontinuity (iv) Outer core and inner core
Choose the correct option from those given below:
(1) (a) (iii), (b)-(ii) (c)-(iv), (d)-(i)
(2) (a)-(i), (b)-(iii), (c)-(ii), (d)-(iv)
(3) (a)-(iii), (b)-(ii), (c)-(i). (d)-(iv)
(4) (a)-(iv), (b)-(iii), (c)- (ii) (d)-(i)
90. Which of the following &values is not possible?
(1) 0.0
(2) 0.5
(3) 1.0
(4) 2.0
Based on the passage given below, answer the questions 91 to 95:
Among the most interesting techniques for analyzing the earth’s climatic history on a scale of hundred’s to thousands of years are the study of ocean floor sediments and oxygen isotope analysis. Both methods are used to reconstruct past temperatures and each in part is related to the other. The seafloor sediments contain the remains of organisms that once lived near the surface. When such near surface organisms die, their shell slowly settle to the floor of the ocean, where they become part of the sedimentary record. One reason why seafloor sediments are useful recorders of worldwide climatic change is that the numbers and types of organisms living near the sea surface change as the climate changes.
We would expect that in any area of the ocean/atmosphere interface the average annual temperature of the surface water of the ocean would approximate that of the contiguous atmosphere. The temperature equilibrium established between surface sea water and the air above it should mean that changes in climate should be reflected in changes in organisms living near the surface of the deep sea.
The second technique, oxygen isotope analysis, is based on precise measurement of the ratio between two isotopes of oxygen: 16O, which is the most common, and the heavier 18O. Because the lighter isotope. 16O, evaporates more readily from the oceans, precipitation (and hence the glacial ice that it may form) is enriched in 16O. Of course, this leaves a greater concentration of the heavier isotope, 18O, in the ocean water.
Thus during periods when glaciers are extensive the concentration of 18O in seawater increases; conversely, during warmer interglacial periods when the amount of glacial ice drops dramatically. The amount of 18O relative to 16O in ocean water also drops. Ascertain microorganisms secrete their shells of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), the prevailing 18O/16O ratio is reflected in the composition of these hard parts. Consequently, periods of glacial activity can be determined from variations in the oxygen isotope ratio found in shells of certain microorganisms buried in deep-sea sediments. A second use of the 18O/16O ratio technique is its application to the study of cores taken from ice sheets. Such as the one that covers Greenland.
Here another cause for variation in the oxygen isotope ratio is used-namely. the ratio influenced by temperature. More 180 is evaporated from the oceans when temperatures are high and less is evaporated when temperatures are low. Thus the heavy, isotope is more abundant in the precipitation of warm eras and less abundant during colder periods.
91. Consider the following statements:
(a) Water molecules with 160 evaporate more readily from the oceans.
(b) Water molecules with 180 are found in greater concentration in glacial ice than in oceans.
Which of the above statements are correct?
(1) (a) only
(2) (b) only
(3) Both (a) and (b)
(4) Neither (a) nor (b)
92. Consider the following statements:
(a) The average annual temperature of the ocean surface water is close to the temperatures of contiguous atmosphere
(b) Changes in climate can be estimated from 18O/16O ratio in the calcium carbonate shells of organisms
(c) 18O/ 16O ratio an warmer periods is less in oceans as compared to that in cold periods.
Choose the correct option from those given below:
(1) (a) and
(b) only
(3) (a) and (c) only
(4) (a), (b) and (c)
93. Which of the following is expected during the warmer periods?
(1) Higher 18O/16O in ocean waters as compared to that in cold periods
(2) Higher 18O/16O in the calcium carbonate shells of organisms as compared to that in cold periods
(3) Higher 18O/16O in the glacial ice as compared to that in cold periods
(4) Lower 18O/16O in the glacial ice as compared to that in cold periods
94. Given below are two statements – one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A): Seafloor sediments are useful recorders of worldwide climate change.
Reasons (R): Organisms living near the surface of deep sea are sensitive to variations in water temperature.
In the light of above two statements, choose the correct option:
(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(3) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(4) (A) is false but (R) is true.
95. Consider the following statements regarding the ratio 18O/16O
(a) It is greater than one in ocean waters.
(b) It is less than one in glacial ice.
Which of the above statements are correct?
(1) (a) only
(2) (b) only
(3) Both (a) and (b)
(4) Neither (a) nor (b)
Based on the passage given below, answer the questions 96 to 100:
Ozone and ultraviolet radiation are inseparable. It takes UV photons to form ozone from oxygen and UV photons to release the chlorine from CFCs to destroy ozone. Ozone depletion causes ground level UV radiation-an environmental hazard. The wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation that is visible to the human eye and photosynthetically active for plants lies between 400-700 nm. Wavelengths below 400 nm in the ultraviolet are invisible to the unaided human eye. The UV region is conventionally subdivided into UV-A (320-400 nm), UV-B (280-320 nm) and UV-C (200-280 nm). Natural UV is supplied exclusively by the sun, which radiates energy as a black body with an effective surface temperature of 6000 K. Outside the earth’s atmosphere. The total solar radiation flux density of 1367 Win-2 is the sum total of visible and IR (1254 Wm-2), UV-A (85.7 Wm-2), (UV-B (21.1 Wm-2) and UV-C (6.4 Wm-2). Close to the top of the earth’s atmosphere, the spectrum is essentially extra-terrestrial. By an altitude of 40 Km. Oa absorption has already made a significant difference, reducing the flux most around 250 nm because that corresponds to the centre of the absorption band. At 20 km, above the surface. Photon flux is almost same as the surface value, except for the residual peak at 200 nm. At this level, UV- C is effectively eliminated. Although UV-B is attenuated, the UV-C source flux increases towards the blue and Ozone absorption band weakens towards 300nm. Both these influences combine to give a significant UVB flux which is very sensitive to small shift in ozone absorption.
96. Which of the following UV radiation combinations occurs most on earth’s surface in comparison to others?
(1) UVA and UVB
(2) UVB and UVC
(3) UVC and UVA
(4) UVA. UVB and UVC
97. Ozone’s absorption of UV radiation in stratosphere is maximum at
(1) 200 nm
(2) 250 nm
(3) 300 nm
(4) 280 nm
98. The solar radiation flux, irrespective of wavelength bands is same from earth’s surface upto
(1) 40 Km
(2) 30 Km
(3) 20 Km
(4) 10 Km
99. The lowest contribution to solar constant at top of the atmosphere from electromagnetic radiation is in
(1) IR region
(2) UVA region
(3) UVB region
(4) WC region
100. Which one of the following statement is NOT correct?
(1) UV radiation forms as well as destroys ozone
(2) UV radiation only destroys ozone
(3) Ozone depletion causes ground level UV radiation
(4) UV dissociates oxygen molecule to form oxygen radical
